![]() ![]() ![]() The false discovery rate (FDR) was controlled using the Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli 2-stage step-up method. For cytokine data, participants with neuro-PCC and control participants who had never had COVID-19 were compared using nonparametric unpaired multiple Mann-Whitney tests. ![]() Race and ethnicity were assessed through self-report. Neopterin was measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.įor demographic and clinical data, group comparisons were made using t tests, except for race where group comparisons for race were performed using the 2-proportion z test. All participants consented to large-volume lumbar puncture (up to 30 cc CSF removed) and blood draw for research purposes.įrozen CSF supernatant and plasma from all participants were profiled using a 15-plex cytokine laser bead assay. Information regarding the date of positive SARS-COV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and vaccination was obtained through interviews and medical record review. Participants were excluded if they had any history of severe neurological or psychiatric illness, severe immunocompromising condition, or were receiving immune-suppressive medications at the time of the study. The control group included asymptomatic participants who were recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic (prior to 2020) to serve as controls for other studies and included 1 asymptomatic participant who was enrolled in 2022 and had no history of COVID-19 illness, which was supported by a negative nucleocapsid antibody in the blood. Participants with neuro-PCC were enrolled in The COVID Mind Study at Yale University if they self-reported new or worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms at least 3 months after laboratory–confirmed COVID-19. This study followed reporting requirements of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ( STROBE) reporting guideline. All participants provided written informed consent. This case-control study was approved by the institutional review board at Yale University. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography. ![]()
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